Advancing Soilless Agriculture with Sensor and Wireless Technologies: A Comprehensive Review

Muhammad Haryo Setiawan, Alfian Ma'arif, Abdel-Nasser Sharkawy, Phichitphon Chotikunnan, Rania Majdoubi

Abstract


The integration of sensor and wireless communication technologies in soilless agriculture, including hydroponics, aquaponics, and aeroponics, addresses critical challenges like declining arable land, climate change, and the rising global food demand. This review examines the application of various environmental sensors, including those measuring pH, TDS/EC, temperature, humidity, light, water level, DO, turbidity, and ammonia, in the monitoring and control of growing conditions. Furthermore, the review assesses the efficacy of wireless communication protocols, including Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee, and LoRaWAN, in ensuring uninterrupted data transmission. The review elucidates the advantages of these technologies in augmenting crop yields, resource efficiency, and environmental sustainability. However, it also identifies challenges such as high initial costs, technical complexity, and data security concerns. Despite these benefits, challenges such as high initial costs, technical complexity, and data security remain. Future efforts should prioritize developing affordable, user-friendly IoT systems with integrated renewable energy solutions and optimized power consumption to ensure sustainable adoption. This review highlights the transformative potential of IoT in revolutionizing modern agriculture, fostering resilient and sustainable food systems to meet future demands.

Keywords


Soilless Farming; Wireless Communications Protocols; Agricultural Sustainability; Sensor Technology; Environmental Monitoring

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References


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.21107/jsa.v2i1.18

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