Exogenous melatonin applications on acid rain stress mitigation in tea (Camellia sinensis)

Bagus Aradea, Historiawati Historiawati, Murti Astiningrum

Abstract


Rapid industrial development, motor vehicle transportation, volcanic eruptions, fossil fuel use, and increased acid gas emissions exacerbate acid rain, which directly damages plants and inhibits photosynthesis. This damage includes morphological, anatomical, and photosynthetic pigment changes. Melatonin prevents macromolecular damage, plays a role in regulating primary and secondary metabolism, including gene transcription, and enzyme activity, to reduce damage caused by abiotic stress. This study aimed to investigate the internal application interval and concentration of melatonin in tea plants to increase stress tolerance and reduce the impact of acid rain. This study was designed using split-plots, melatonin application intervals of 1, 3, and 5 days, and melatonin concentrations of 0, 50, 100, and 150 µM. Observation data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The first factor was tested using the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test, while the second factor and the interaction of both factors were tested using orthogonal polynomials. The results showed that melatonin administered every 3 days significantly delayed the onset of necrosis and reduced damage to leaves and stomata. A concentration of 119.85 µM delayed necrosis the longest, a concentration of 104 µM minimized the percentage of leaf damage, and a concentration of 109.29 µM minimized the percentage of stomatal damage. The interaction between the application interval and melatonin concentration influenced each other in increasing tea plant tolerance to acid rain stress. The 3-day interval and 100 µM concentration maintained the anatomical integrity of tea leaves and were most effective in increasing chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll, chlorophyll ratio, and total carotene levels in tea plants. These findings provide direct guidance for tea farmers and environmental management practitioners to reduce the impact of acid rain stress. By applying melatonin at the recommended interval and concentration, farmers can increase the resistance of tea plants, maintain productivity, and mitigate economic losses due to acid rain stress.

Keywords


Melatonin; Acid rain; Tea; Anatomy; Pigments photosynthesis

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References


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.21107/jsa.v3i1.24

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